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/**
*
* @license MIT License
*
* Copyright (c) 2025 lewis he
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
* copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*
* @file BHI260AP_Klio_Selflearning.ino
* @author Lewis He (lewishe@outlook.com)
* @date 2025-02-02
* @note Changed from Boschsensortec API https://github.com/boschsensortec/BHY2_SensorAPI
*/
#include <Wire.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <Arduino.h>
#include "SensorBHI260AP.hpp"
#include "SensorBHI260AP_Klio.hpp"
// #define USE_I2C_INTERFACE true
// #define USE_SPI_INTERFACE true
#if !defined(USE_I2C_INTERFACE) && !defined(USE_SPI_INTERFACE)
#define USE_I2C_INTERFACE
#warning "No interface type is selected, use I2C interface"
#endif
#if defined(USE_SPI_INTERFACE)
#ifndef SPI_MOSI
#define SPI_MOSI 33
#endif
#ifndef SPI_MISO
#define SPI_MISO 34
#endif
#ifndef SPI_SCK
#define SPI_SCK 35
#endif
#ifndef BHI260_IRQ
#define BHI260_IRQ 37
#endif
#ifndef BHI260_CS
#define BHI260_CS 36
#endif
#else //* I2C */
#ifndef BHI260_SDA
#define BHI260_SDA 2
#endif
#ifndef BHI260_SCL
#define BHI260_SCL 3
#endif
#ifndef BHI260_IRQ
#define BHI260_IRQ 8
#endif
#endif /*USE_SPI_INTERFACE*/
#ifndef BHI260_RST
#define BHI260_RST -1
#endif
SensorBHI260AP bhy;
SensorBHI260AP_Klio klio(bhy);
// The firmware runs in RAM and will be lost if the power is off. The firmware will be loaded from RAM each time it is run.
#define BOSCH_BHI260_KLIO
// Firmware is stored in flash and booted from flash,Depends on BHI260 hardware connected to SPI Flash
// #define BOSCH_BHI260_KLIO_FLASH
// #define BOSCH_BHI260_KLIO_TURBO_FLASH
#include <BoschFirmware.h>
// Force update of current firmware, whether it exists or not.
// Only works when external SPI Flash is connected to BHI260.
// After uploading firmware once, you can change this to false to speed up boot time.
bool force_update_flash_firmware = true;
bool isReadyFlag = false;
void dataReadyISR()
{
isReadyFlag = true;
}
// Firmware update progress callback
void progress_callback(void *user_data, uint32_t total, uint32_t transferred)
{
float progress = (float)transferred / total * 100;
Serial.print("Upload progress: ");
Serial.print(progress);
Serial.println("%");
}
/**
* @brief Callback function for handling KLIO sensor recognition events.
*
* This function is invoked when the KLIO sensor successfully recognizes a specific pattern.
* Its main purpose is to print information about the recognized pattern, including the pattern ID
* and the recognition count, to the serial monitor. This allows developers to monitor the recognition
* process effectively.
*
* @param pattern_id The unique identifier of the recognized pattern. Each predefined or learned
* pattern in the system has a distinct ID, and this parameter indicates which
* specific pattern has been recognized.
* @param count A floating-point value representing the recognition count. This could be the number
* of times the pattern has been recognized, a confidence level associated with the
* recognition, or some other metric depending on the implementation of the recognition
* algorithm.
* @param user_data A pointer to user-defined data. It can be used to pass additional context or
* information from the calling code to this callback function. In this implementation,
* it is not used, but it is included to maintain compatibility with the callback function signature.
*/
void recognition_event_callback(uint8_t pattern_id, float count, void *user_data)
{
Serial.print("<-Recognition[Id:");
Serial.print(pattern_id);
Serial.print(" Count:");
Serial.print(count);
Serial.print("]");
}
/**
* @brief Callback function for KLIO sensor learning events.
*
* This function is invoked whenever there is a change in the learning process of the KLIO sensor.
* It handles different learning - related events, logs information about the learning progress,
* and takes actions based on the learning results.
*
* @param reason The reason for the learning change. It is an enumeration value from the
* SensorBHI260AP_Klio::LeaningChangeReason type, indicating why the learning state has changed.
* @param progress The current progress of the learning process, represented as an unsigned 32 - bit integer.
* This value typically ranges from 0 to 100, indicating the percentage of the learning completion.
* @param learn_index The index of the learned pattern. If the learning is invalid, it will be set to
* SensorBHI260AP_Klio::INVALID_LEARNING_INDEX. Otherwise, it represents the index of the successfully learned pattern.
* @param user_data A pointer to user - defined data. It can be used to pass additional context information
* from the calling code to this callback function. In this implementation, it may not be used actively.
*/
void learning_event_callback(SensorBHI260AP_Klio::LeaningChangeReason reason, uint32_t progress, int learn_index, void *user_data)
{
// Print the learning event details to the serial monitor, including the progress, reason, and learned pattern index.
Serial.print("->Learning [Progress:");
Serial.print(progress);
Serial.print(" Reason:");
Serial.print(static_cast<uint8_t>(reason));
Serial.print(" ID:");
Serial.print(learn_index);
Serial.println("]");
// Check if the learning index is valid (not equal to INVALID_LEARNING_INDEX).
if (learn_index != SensorBHI260AP_Klio::INVALID_LEARNING_INDEX) {
// Create a buffer to store the learned pattern data. The buffer size is 252 bytes.
uint8_t tmp_buf[252];
// Store the size of the buffer. This variable will be updated with the actual size of the learned pattern.
uint16_t bufsize = sizeof(tmp_buf);
// Try to retrieve the learned pattern from the sensor using the getLearnPattern function.
// The result indicates whether the retrieval is successful.
bool learn_success = klio.getLearnPattern(tmp_buf, &bufsize);
if (!learn_success) {
// If the retrieval fails, print an error message and the specific error reason.
Serial.print("Read learnt failed. Reason:");
Serial.println(klio.errorToString());
} else {
// If the retrieval is successful, print a success message and the details of the learned pattern.
Serial.println("Learning the action successfully");
Serial.println("PATTERN LEARNT: ");
Serial.print("const uint8_t * learn_pattern = { ");
// Iterate through the buffer and print the pattern data in hexadecimal format.
for (uint16_t i = 0; i < bufsize; i++) {
if (i > 0 && i % 8 == 0) {
// Print a new line every 8 bytes for better readability.
Serial.println();
}
Serial.print("0x"); Serial.print(tmp_buf[i], HEX);
if (i < bufsize - 1) {
// Add a comma and a space after each byte except the last one.
Serial.print(", ");
}
}
Serial.println(" \n};\n");
}
// Print a message indicating that the learned pattern will be written.
Serial.println("Write the learning pattern.");
// Define an example pattern ID.
uint8_t examples_id = 1;
// Try to write the learned pattern to the sensor using the writePattern function.
if (!klio.writePattern(examples_id, tmp_buf, bufsize)) {
// If the write operation fails, print an error message.
Serial.println("Klio write pattern failed!");
}
// Print messages indicating that the action recognition will start.
Serial.println("Start recognizing actions");
Serial.println("Please perform the learned action instructions and the sensor will start to recognize the number of actions.");
// Start the recognition process for the specified pattern ID.
klio.recognition(&examples_id, 1);
}
}
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
while (!Serial);
// Set the reset pin
bhy.setPins(BHI260_RST);
// Set the firmware array address and firmware size
bhy.setFirmware(bosch_firmware_image, bosch_firmware_size, bosch_firmware_type, force_update_flash_firmware);
// Set the firmware update processing progress callback function
// bhy.setUpdateProcessCallback(progress_callback, NULL);
// Set the maximum transfer bytes of I2C/SPI,The default size is I2C 32 bytes, SPI 256 bytes.
// bhy.setMaxiTransferSize(256);
// Set the processing fifo data buffer size,The default size is 512 bytes.
// bhy.setProcessBufferSize(1024);
// Set to load firmware from flash
bhy.setBootFromFlash(bosch_firmware_type);
Serial.println("Initializing Sensors...");
#ifdef USE_I2C_INTERFACE
// Using I2C interface
// BHI260AP_SLAVE_ADDRESS_L = 0x28
// BHI260AP_SLAVE_ADDRESS_H = 0x29
if (!bhy.begin(Wire, BHI260AP_SLAVE_ADDRESS_L, BHI260_SDA, BHI260_SCL)) {
Serial.print("Failed to initialize sensor - error code:");
Serial.println(bhy.getError());
while (1) {
delay(1000);
}
}
#endif
#ifdef USE_SPI_INTERFACE
// Using SPI interface
if (!bhy.begin(SPI, BHI260_CS, SPI_MOSI, SPI_MISO, SPI_SCK)) {
Serial.print("Failed to initialize sensor - error code:");
Serial.println(bhy.getError());
while (1) {
delay(1000);
}
}
#endif
Serial.println("Initializing the sensor successfully!");
// Output all sensors info to Serial
BoschSensorInfo info = bhy.getSensorInfo();
#ifdef PLATFORM_HAS_PRINTF
info.printInfo(Serial);
#else
info.printInfo();
#endif
// Try to initialize the KLIO sensor.
// The begin() method is called on the 'klio' object to set up the sensor.
if (!klio.begin()) {
while (1) {
Serial.println("Failed to initialize Klio sensor. Are you currently using a firmware that includes Klio sensor functionality?");
delay(1000);
}
}
// Call the getMaxPatterns() method of the klio object to get the maximum number of patterns allowed by the KLIO sensor.
// This method returns a value of type uint8_t representing the maximum number of patterns and stores it in the variable max_patterns.
uint8_t max_patterns = klio.getMaxPatterns();
Serial.print("Klio sensor max patterns:");
Serial.println(max_patterns);
// Set the callback function for learning events.
// The setLearningCallback() method is used to register a function that will be called
// whenever a learning - related event occurs in the KLIO sensor.
// 'learning_event_callback' is the name of the callback function,
// and 'nullptr' is passed as the user data pointer, meaning no additional user - specific data is provided.
klio.setLearningCallback(learning_event_callback, nullptr);
// Set the callback function for recognition events.
// Similar to the learning callback, the setRecognitionCallback() method registers a function
// that will be invoked when a recognition - related event happens in the KLIO sensor.
// 'recognition_event_callback' is the callback function, and 'nullptr' is used as the user data pointer.
klio.setRecognitionCallback(recognition_event_callback, nullptr);
// Start the learning process of the KLIO sensor.
// The learning() method initiates the sensor's functionality to start learning patterns or behaviors.
klio.learning();
// Define the sample rate for data reading.
// The variable'sample_rate' is set to 25.0, which means the sensor will read out data
// at a frequency of 25 Hertz (25 times per second).
float sample_rate = 25.0;
// Define the report latency in milliseconds.
// The variable'report_latency_ms' is set to 0, indicating that the sensor should report
// the measured data immediately without any delay.
uint32_t report_latency_ms = 0;
// Enable the KLIO sensor with he specified sample rate and report latency.
// The enable() method activates the sensor and configures it to operate at the given sample rate
// and report latency. This allows the sensor to start collecting and reporting data according to the settings.
klio.enable(sample_rate, report_latency_ms);
// Set the specified pin (BHI260_IRQ) as an input pin.
// This prepares the pin to receive external signals.
pinMode(BHI260_IRQ, INPUT);
// Attach an interrupt service routine (ISR) to the specified pin (BHI260_IRQ).
// The ISR 'dataReadyISR' will be called whenever a rising edge is detected on the pin.
attachInterrupt(BHI260_IRQ, dataReadyISR, RISING);
Serial.println("Please repeat the movements you want to learn and the sensor will start recording.");
}
void loop()
{
// Update sensor fifo
if (isReadyFlag) {
isReadyFlag = false;
bhy.update();
}
delay(50);
}